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The event that motivates thanking is supposed to be the past action performed by the receiver for hisher own benet. 1 The sender feels grateful for a past event or, at least, heshe acts as if heshe feels thankful.

For the purpose of this investigation, a corpus of 64 coursebooks, which included 250 situations representing the speech act of thanking, was used.

Situations were analysed in order to design the classification of gratitude which took into consideration the relationship between interlocutors, and the object andor the action for which this speech act was performed.

The use of thanking sequences was explored by means of a questionnaire administered to 100 Spanish native speakers.

The questionnaire results were then contrasted with the thanking formulae found in the coursebooks.

The outcome of the investigation provided a classification of thanking which consisted of four main categories, subsequently divided into twelve subcategories.

The results also revealed the sociopragmatic representation of thanking in the coursebooks for teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language and the most frequent specific thanking formulae used by native speakers.

We expect that the classification will serve as a basis for future investigations in which this specific speech act is explored from a pragmatic standpoint.

Introduction Thanking is a speech act, henceforth SA, which Searle includes in the group of illocutionary acts ( 1969:67).

This author explains that the propositional content of this SA is a past act A (act) done by H (hearer), and includes three rules related to thanking: i) the preparatory rule: A benets S (speaker) and S believes A benets S; ii) the sincerity rule: S feels grateful for or appreciative of A and iii) the essential rule: counts as an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

Searle remarks on the fact that the sincerity and essential rules overlap.

He also includes thanking within the group of expressive speech acts, as it displays the speakers attitudes and emotions towards a proposition or a statement.

Following Brown and Levinsons politeness model ( 1978 1987 ), thanking is face-damaging to the self as it involves acknowledging ones state of indebtedness to the other.

Thanking can be divided into a double parameter by taking Escandells dimension of politeness (1996:136138): thanking as a social norm or as a conversational strategy.

Politeness as a Journal of Pragmatics 43 (2011) 24112433 ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 11 May 2010 Received in revised form 25 February 2011 Accepted 28 February 2011 Available online 11 April 2011 ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present a classication for the speech act of thanking as re ected in the textbooks for teaching and learning Spanish as a foreign language and to ascertain the formulaic sequences used when expressing gratitude (i.e.

Spanish language.

For the purpose of this investigation, a corpus of 64 coursebooks, which included 250 situations representing the spe ech act of thanking, was used.

Situations were analysed in order to design the classication of gratitude which took into consideration the relationship between interlocutors, and the object andor the action for which this speech act was performed.

The outcome of the investigation provided a classication of thanking which consisted of four main categories, subsequently divided into twelve subcategories.

The results also revealed the sociopragmatic representation of thanking in the coursebooks for teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language and the most frequent specic than king formulae used by native speakers.

Politeness as a conversational strategy is related to the use of the strategies of a language in order to maintain the congenial relationship between the interlocutors, and therefore, avoids or mitigates possible conicts between them.

When performing the act of thanking, the receivers face (in Goffmans terms, 1972:5) is beneted from the senders behaviour (i.e.

However, this is reciprocal as the senders face is also beneted when heshe actually performs the SA of thanking.

The event that motivates thanking is supposed to be the past action performed by the receiver for hisher own benet.

The sender feels grateful for a past event or, at least, heshe acts as if heshe feels thankful.

Espanol 2000 Nivel Elemental Answers